Determination of endogenous levels of GHB in human hair. Are there possibilities for the identification of GHB administration through hair analysis in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault?
Identifieur interne : 001739 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 001738; suivant : 001740Determination of endogenous levels of GHB in human hair. Are there possibilities for the identification of GHB administration through hair analysis in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault?
Auteurs : Jean Pierre Goullé [France] ; Marjorie Chèze ; Gilbert PépinSource :
- Journal of analytical toxicology [ 0146-4760 ]
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (methods), Hair (chemistry), Hair Color, Humans, Hydroxybutyrates (administration & dosage), Hydroxybutyrates (adverse effects), Hydroxybutyrates (metabolism), Male, Rape, Reproducibility of Results, Substance Abuse Detection (methods).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Hydroxybutyrates.
- chemical , adverse effects : Hydroxybutyrates.
- chemistry : Hair.
- chemical , metabolism : Hydroxybutyrates.
- methods : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Substance Abuse Detection.
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Hair Color, Humans, Male, Rape, Reproducibility of Results.
Abstract
We have developed a GC-MS-MS assay for GHB in human hair. Five milligrams of washed hair were hydrolyzed by 1M or 0.01M NaOH before a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate under acidic conditions. GHB-d(6) was used as the internal standard. TMS derivatives were formed before injection. TBDMS derivatives were used in cases of strong chromatographic interferences or in a confirmatory procedure. Analysis of basal levels of GHB in 61 drug-free donors gave the following results: the mean measured concentration for blond hair was 0.60 ng/mg (n = 12), SD = 0.19 ng/mg, and extreme figures were in the range 0.35-0.95 ng/mg. For brown hair, the mean measured concentration was 0.90 ng/mg (n = 30), SD = 0.42 ng/mg, and extreme figures 0.41-1.86 ng/mg. For black hair, the mean measured concentration was 0.90 ng/mg (n = 19), SD = 0.37 ng/mg, and extreme figures 0.32-1.54 ng/mg, showing no significant differences depending on hair color. Analysis of basal levels of GHB of 12 or more specimens in segmented hair showed a mean concentration of 1.22 ng/mg (0.31-8.4 ng/mg) and a relative standard deviation for each individual ranging from 6.75% to 37.98%. GHB was administered to a healthy 53-year-old white male (light brown hair) at oral dosages of 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg. Beard hair was collected just before administration and 24 h after (and each day for one week for the last dose), and a 7.5-cm scalp hair lock was collected 7 days after the last dose. A rise in GHB concentration was observed in beard hair for the 45 and 60 mg/kg dosages with a maximum at 24 h, whereas no change was observed for the 30 mg/kg dosage. Scalp hair was segmented into 3-mm long segments. The three proximal last segments showed significantly (0.0005 < p < 0.005) different concentrations of GHB (1.22, 1.27, and 1.66 ng/mg, respectively) when compared with the basal physiological level of GHB in this same person (mean = 0.62 ng/mg, SD = 0.15 ng/mg). A case of daily GHB abuse during bodybuilding allowed us to determine a concentration of GHB of 14 ng/mg, in a 2-cm long segment (black hair). A case of rape under the influence of GHB was documented through hair analysis (black hair) and positive analysis of the glass she used. Sampled 7 days after the sexual assault, the three last 3-mm long proximal segments tested for GHB exhibited concentrations of 3.1-5.3 and 4.3 ng/mg, respectively, whereas the mean physiological level determined in this woman was 0.71 ng/mg, SD = 0.17 ng/mg. The authors advise a two-step hair sampling as evidence of GHB consumption: the first sample at the time of exposure to show the contamination by sweat of the proximal segment in case of recent administration with a significant rise of hair level at the root, and the second after at least 3 or 4 weeks to avoid this contamination and determine the levels incorporated in the hair matrix before, during, and after the exposure.
PubMed: 14670136
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000356
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000356
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000356
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000088
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000088
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000088
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 003419
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 003332
- to stream Main, to step Exploration: 003332
- to stream France, to step Extraction: 001739
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:14670136Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Determination of endogenous levels of GHB in human hair. Are there possibilities for the identification of GHB administration through hair analysis in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Goulle, Jean Pierre" sort="Goulle, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Goulle J" first="Jean Pierre" last="Goullé">Jean Pierre Goullé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de PharmacocInétique et de Toxicologie Cliniques, Hôpital Jacques Monod, BP 24, 76083 Le Havre, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de PharmacocInétique et de Toxicologie Cliniques, Hôpital Jacques Monod, BP 24, 76083 Le Havre</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Normandie</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Haute-Normandie</region>
<settlement type="city">Le Havre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheze, Marjorie" sort="Cheze, Marjorie" uniqKey="Cheze M" first="Marjorie" last="Chèze">Marjorie Chèze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pepin, Gilbert" sort="Pepin, Gilbert" uniqKey="Pepin G" first="Gilbert" last="Pépin">Gilbert Pépin</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="????"><PubDate><MedlineDate>2003 Nov-Dec</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:14670136</idno>
<idno type="pmid">14670136</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000356</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000356</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000356</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000088</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000088</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000088</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0146-4760::Goulle J:determination:of:endogenous</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003419</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003332</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003332</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/France/Extraction">001739</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Determination of endogenous levels of GHB in human hair. Are there possibilities for the identification of GHB administration through hair analysis in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Goulle, Jean Pierre" sort="Goulle, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Goulle J" first="Jean Pierre" last="Goullé">Jean Pierre Goullé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de PharmacocInétique et de Toxicologie Cliniques, Hôpital Jacques Monod, BP 24, 76083 Le Havre, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de PharmacocInétique et de Toxicologie Cliniques, Hôpital Jacques Monod, BP 24, 76083 Le Havre</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Normandie</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Haute-Normandie</region>
<settlement type="city">Le Havre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheze, Marjorie" sort="Cheze, Marjorie" uniqKey="Cheze M" first="Marjorie" last="Chèze">Marjorie Chèze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pepin, Gilbert" sort="Pepin, Gilbert" uniqKey="Pepin G" first="Gilbert" last="Pépin">Gilbert Pépin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of analytical toxicology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-4760</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (methods)</term>
<term>Hair (chemistry)</term>
<term>Hair Color</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Hydroxybutyrates (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Hydroxybutyrates (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Hydroxybutyrates (metabolism)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Rape</term>
<term>Reproducibility of Results</term>
<term>Substance Abuse Detection (methods)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydroxybutyrates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydroxybutyrates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Hair</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydroxybutyrates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</term>
<term>Substance Abuse Detection</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Hair Color</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Rape</term>
<term>Reproducibility of Results</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We have developed a GC-MS-MS assay for GHB in human hair. Five milligrams of washed hair were hydrolyzed by 1M or 0.01M NaOH before a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate under acidic conditions. GHB-d(6) was used as the internal standard. TMS derivatives were formed before injection. TBDMS derivatives were used in cases of strong chromatographic interferences or in a confirmatory procedure. Analysis of basal levels of GHB in 61 drug-free donors gave the following results: the mean measured concentration for blond hair was 0.60 ng/mg (n = 12), SD = 0.19 ng/mg, and extreme figures were in the range 0.35-0.95 ng/mg. For brown hair, the mean measured concentration was 0.90 ng/mg (n = 30), SD = 0.42 ng/mg, and extreme figures 0.41-1.86 ng/mg. For black hair, the mean measured concentration was 0.90 ng/mg (n = 19), SD = 0.37 ng/mg, and extreme figures 0.32-1.54 ng/mg, showing no significant differences depending on hair color. Analysis of basal levels of GHB of 12 or more specimens in segmented hair showed a mean concentration of 1.22 ng/mg (0.31-8.4 ng/mg) and a relative standard deviation for each individual ranging from 6.75% to 37.98%. GHB was administered to a healthy 53-year-old white male (light brown hair) at oral dosages of 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg. Beard hair was collected just before administration and 24 h after (and each day for one week for the last dose), and a 7.5-cm scalp hair lock was collected 7 days after the last dose. A rise in GHB concentration was observed in beard hair for the 45 and 60 mg/kg dosages with a maximum at 24 h, whereas no change was observed for the 30 mg/kg dosage. Scalp hair was segmented into 3-mm long segments. The three proximal last segments showed significantly (0.0005 < p < 0.005) different concentrations of GHB (1.22, 1.27, and 1.66 ng/mg, respectively) when compared with the basal physiological level of GHB in this same person (mean = 0.62 ng/mg, SD = 0.15 ng/mg). A case of daily GHB abuse during bodybuilding allowed us to determine a concentration of GHB of 14 ng/mg, in a 2-cm long segment (black hair). A case of rape under the influence of GHB was documented through hair analysis (black hair) and positive analysis of the glass she used. Sampled 7 days after the sexual assault, the three last 3-mm long proximal segments tested for GHB exhibited concentrations of 3.1-5.3 and 4.3 ng/mg, respectively, whereas the mean physiological level determined in this woman was 0.71 ng/mg, SD = 0.17 ng/mg. The authors advise a two-step hair sampling as evidence of GHB consumption: the first sample at the time of exposure to show the contamination by sweat of the proximal segment in case of recent administration with a significant rise of hair level at the root, and the second after at least 3 or 4 weeks to avoid this contamination and determine the levels incorporated in the hair matrix before, during, and after the exposure.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
</country>
<region><li>Haute-Normandie</li>
<li>Région Normandie</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Le Havre</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Cheze, Marjorie" sort="Cheze, Marjorie" uniqKey="Cheze M" first="Marjorie" last="Chèze">Marjorie Chèze</name>
<name sortKey="Pepin, Gilbert" sort="Pepin, Gilbert" uniqKey="Pepin G" first="Gilbert" last="Pépin">Gilbert Pépin</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="France"><region name="Région Normandie"><name sortKey="Goulle, Jean Pierre" sort="Goulle, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Goulle J" first="Jean Pierre" last="Goullé">Jean Pierre Goullé</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/France/explor/LeHavreV1/Data/France/Analysis
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001739 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/France/Analysis/biblio.hfd -nk 001739 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/France |area= LeHavreV1 |flux= France |étape= Analysis |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:14670136 |texte= Determination of endogenous levels of GHB in human hair. Are there possibilities for the identification of GHB administration through hair analysis in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault? }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/France/Analysis/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:14670136" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/France/Analysis/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LeHavreV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |